Std LinkMake/ru

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Создать группу
Сделать доп. ссылку
Стандартные команды и инструменты

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Расположение в меню
Нет
Верстаки
Все
Быстрые клавиши
Нет
Представлено в версии
0.19
См. также
"Создать деталь", "Создать группу", "PartDesign Body"

Описание

Std LinkMake creates an App Link (App::Link class), a type of object that references or links to another object in the same document, or in another document. It is especially designed to efficiently duplicate a single object multiple times, which helps with the creation of complex assemblies from smaller subassemblies, and from multiple reusable components like screws, nuts, and similar fasteners.

The App Link object was newly introduced in v0.19; in the past, simple duplication of objects could be achieved with Draft Clone, but this is a less efficient solution due to its implementation, which essentially creates a copy of the internal Shape of the source object. Instead, a Link directly references the original Shape, so it is more memory-efficient.

By itself the Link object can behave like an array, duplicating its base object many times; this can be done by setting its ДанныеElement Count property to 1 or larger. This "Link Array" object can also be created with the different array tools of the Draft Workbench, for example, Draft OrthoArray, Draft PolarArray, and Draft CircularArray.

When used with the PartDesign Workbench, Links are intended to be used with PartDesign Bodies, so it is recommended to set ВидDisplay Mode Body to Tip to select the features of the entire Body, and not the individual features. To create arrays of the internal PartDesign Features, use PartDesign LinearPattern, PartDesign PolarPattern, and PartDesign MultiTransform.

The Std LinkMake tool is not defined by a particular workbench, but by the base system, thus it is found in the structure toolbar that is available in all workbenches. The Link object, used in conjunction with Std Part to group various objects, forms the basis of the Assembly3 and Assembly4 Workbenches.

Применение

With selection:

  1. Select an object in the tree view or 3D view for which you wish to create a Link.
  2. Press the Make link button. The produced object has the same icon as the original object, but has an arrow overlay indicating it is a Link.

Without selection:

  1. If no object is selected, press the Make link button to create an empty Link.
  2. Go to the property editor, then click on the ДанныеLinked Object property to open the Link selection dialog to choose an object, then press OK.
  3. Instead of choosing an entire object in the tree view, you can also pick subelements (vertices, edges, or faces) of a single object in the 3D view. In this case, the Link will duplicate only these subelements, and the arrow overlay will be different. This can also be done with Std LinkMakeRelative.

(1) An object, (2) an empty Link, (3) a full Link to the first object (with overriding material), and (4) a Link to only some subelements of the object. The empty Link is not tied to the real object so it is not displayed in the 3D view.

Usage: external documents

  1. Start with a document that has at least one object which will be the source of the Link.
  2. Open a new document or an existing document. For easier handling, use Std TreeMultiDocument to show both documents in the tree view. Before you proceed, save both documents. The Link won't be able to find its source and target unless both documents are saved on disk.
  3. In the first document, select the object that you wish to link; then switch tabs in the main view area to switch to the second document.
  4. Press Make link. The produced object has the same icon as the original object, but has an additional arrow overlay indicating it is a Link coming from an external document.

Notes:

(1, 2) Two objects from a source document linked into a target document, (3) a Link to the second Link (with overriding material), and (4) a Link to the subelements of the second Link.

Dragging and dropping

Instead of switching document tabs, you can create Links by performing a drag and drop operation in the tree view: select the source object from the first document, drag it, then drop it into the second document's name while holding the Alt key in the keyboard.

Dragging and dropping results in different actions depending on the modifier key that is held.

For the Ctrl and Alt modifiers, dragging and dropping can also be done with a single document. That is, dragging an object and dropping it into the same document's name can be used to create multiple copies or multiple Links to it.

Группы

Std LinkMake can be used on Std Parts in order to quickly duplicate groups of objects positioned in space, that is, assemblies.

Link created from a Std Part; the objects are not duplicated but they are listed under the original container and under the Link container.

A regular Std Group does not possess a ДанныеPlacement property, so it cannot control the position of the objects inside of it. However, when Std LinkMake is used with Std Group, the resulting Link behaves essentially like a Std Part, and can also be moved in space.

Link created from a Std Group; the objects are not duplicated but they are listed under the original container and under the Link container. The Link (with overriding material) can be moved in space, just like a Std Part.

A Link to a Std Part will keep the visibility of the objects synchronized with the original Part; so if you hide one object in a Link, it will be hidden in all Links and in the original object. On the other hand a Link to a Std Group will allow independent control of the visibilities.

Left: Std Part with two objects, and two Links to the Part; the visibility of the objects is synchronized. Right: Std Group with two objects, and two Links to the Group; the visibility of the objects is independently controlled in each group.

Overriding appearance

When a Link is created, by default the ВидOverride Material is false, so the Link will have the same appearance as the original ДанныеLinked Object.

When ВидOverride Material is set to true, the ВидShape Material property will now control the appearance of the Link.

Regardless of the state of ВидOverride Material, it is possible to individually set the appearance of the subelements (vertices, edges, faces) of a Link.

  1. Select the Link in the tree view. Open the context menu (right-click), and pick Override colors.
  2. Now pick the individual subelements that you want in the 3D view, press Edit, and change the properties including transparency.
  3. To remove the custom attributes, select the elements in the list, and press Remove.
  4. When you are satisfied with the result, press OK to close the dialog.

Note: as of v0.19, the coloring of the subelements is subject to the topological naming problem so it should be done as the last modelling step, when the model is not subject to change any more.

(1) An original object, (2) a Link with overriding material, and (3) a second Link with individual modified subelements.

Link Array

See also: Draft OrthoArray.

When a Link is created, by default its ДанныеElement Count is 0, so only a single Link object will be visible in the tree view.

Given that ДанныеShow Element is true by default, when ДанныеElement Count is set to 1 or more, automatically more Links will be created below the first one; each new Link can be placed in the desired position by changing its own ДанныеPlacement property.

In similar way, each element of the array can have its own appearance changed, either by the ВидOverride Material and ВидShape Material properties, or by using the Override colors menu on the entire array and then selecting individual faces; this is described in Overriding appearance.

(1) Original object, and (2, 3, 4) a Link array with three elements, each in a different position. The first Link has overridden material and transparent faces, the other two have custom face colors.

Once you are satisfied with the placement and properties of the Link elements in the array, you may change ДанныеShow Element to false in order hide the individual Links in the tree view; this has the benefit of making the system more responsive, particularly if you have many objects in the document.

When creating this type of Link array, you must place each of the elements manually; however, if you would like to use specific patterns to place the copies, you may use the array tools of the Draft Workbench, like Draft OrthoArray, Draft PolarArray, and Draft CircularArray; these commands can create normal copies or Link copies depending on the options at creation time.

Видимость

When ДанныеShow Element is true and individual elements are listed in the tree view in a Link Array, each Link can be shown or hidden by pressing the Space bar in the keyboard.

Another way to hide the individual elements is using the Override colors menu.

  1. Select the array, open the Override colors menu (right click).
  2. In the 3D view, pick any subelement from any Link in the array.
  3. Press Hide. An icon of an eye should appear, indicating that this element has been hidden from the 3D view. The object will temporarily show itself when the cursor hovers over the icon.
  4. You can click OK to confirm the operation and close the dialog. The Link will remain hidden even if it is shown as visible in the tree view.

Element color dialog that is available when opening the context menu of a Link object in the tree view.

If you wish to restore the visibility of this array element, enter the dialog once more, pick the eye icon, then click on Remove to remove the hidden status, and click OK to confirm and close the dialog. The element will be visible in the 3D view again.

When the Link is for a Std Part or a Std Group, the Override colors menu works in similar way as with arrays; it allows controlling the face color, entire object color, and visibility of the objects in the group.

A Std Part containing three objects, and a Link to that Part; in the Link, (1) the first object is made invisible, (2) the second object has some subelements with different colors, (3) the entire third object has a different color and level of transparency.

Свойства

An App Link (App::Link class) is derived from the basic App DocumentObject (App::DocumentObject class), therefore it has the latter's basic properties like ДанныеLabel and ДанныеLabel2.

The following are the specific properties available in the property editor. Hidden properties can be shown by using the Show all command in the context menu of the property editor.

Данные

Link

Основные

The App Link object will additionally show the properties of the original ДанныеLinked Object, so the property editor may have groups of properties like Attachment, Box, Draft, etc.

Вид

Link

Основные

Display Options

Selection

It will additionally show the view properties of the original ДанныеLinked Object.

Наследование

Объект App Link формально является экземпляром класса App::Link, родителем которого является базовый App DocumentObject (класс App::DocumentObject). Это объект очень низкого уровня, который можно использовать с большинством других объектов документа.

Simplified diagram of the relationships between the core objects in the program. The App::Link object is a core component of the system, it does not depend on any workbench, but it can be used with most objects created in all workbenches.

Программирование

Смотрите так же: Основы составления скриптов в FreeCAD, и скриптовые объекты.

See Part Feature for the general information.

An App Link is created with the addObject() method of the document. It can define its ДанныеLinked Object by overriding its LinkedObject attribute, or by using its setLink method. 

import FreeCAD as App

doc = App.newDocument()
bod1 = App.ActiveDocument.addObject("Part::Box", "Box")
bod2 = App.ActiveDocument.addObject("Part::Cylinder", "Cylinder")
bod1.Placement.Base = App.Vector(10, 0, 0)
bod2.Placement.Base = App.Vector(0, 10, 0)

obj1 = App.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::Link", "Link")
obj2 = App.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::Link", "Link")

obj1.LinkedObject = bod1
obj2.setLink(bod2)
obj1.Placement.Base = App.Vector(-10, -10, 0)
obj2.Placement.Base = App.Vector(10, -10, 0)
obj1.ViewObject.OverrideMaterial = True
App.ActiveDocument.recompute()

The basic App::Link doesn't have a Proxy object so it can't be fully used for sub-classing.

Therefore, for Python subclassing, you should create the App::LinkPython object. 

import FreeCAD as App

doc = App.newDocument()
obj = App.ActiveDocument.addObject("App::LinkPython", "Link")
obj.Label = "Custom label"

Дополнительные материалы

If you want to skip the historical details, go to the user-oriented introduction to links.

Объект App Link был представлен после двух лет разработки и прототипирования. Этот компонент был задуман и спроектирован практически в одиночку пользователем realthunder. Мотивация и реализация дизайна этого проекта описаны на его странице в GitHub, ссылка. Чтобы завершить эту функцию, в ядре FreeCAD были сделаны несколько изменений; это было подробно документировано в Изменениях-Ядра.

The App Link project started after the redesign of the PartDesign Workbench was complete in v0.17. The history of App Link can be traced to some essential forum threads:

Finally, the pull request and merge happened:

Other miscellaneous "links" about Link include:


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