Draft Workbench/bg

Draft workbench icon

Въведение

Работната маса Draft Workbench е фокусирана предимно върху създаването и модификацията на 2D обекти във FreeCAD. Но тя не се ограничава само върху равнината XY на глобалната координатна система. Нейните обекти могат да имат всякаква ориентация и позиция в 3D пространството, а някои чертожни обекти могат да бъдат както равнинни, така и триизмерни.

Начертаните обекти могат да се използват за общо скициране, подобно на това, което може да се направи с Inkscape или AutoCAD. Но те могат да формират и основата за създаването на 3D обекти в други работни маси. Един Draft Wire може да определи пътя на Arch Wall, Draft Polygon може да бъде екструдиран с Part Extrude и т.н. Много от Draft модификаторни инструменти могат да бъдат приложени към 2D и 3D обекти, създадени и с други работни маси. Можете например move a Sketch или да създадете Draft OrthoArray от обект Part.

Чертожната работна маса, също така, предоставя инструменти за дефиниране на working plane (работна равнина), grid (прилепване към мрежа) и snapping system за прецизно управление и позициониране на геометрията.

Ако основната ви цел е създаването на сложни 2D чертежи и DXF файлове и не се нуждаете от 3D моделиране, FreeCAD може да не е правилният избор за вас. Вместо това може да искате да разгледате специална софтуерна програма за техническо челтане, като например LibreCAD или QCad.

Изображението показва grid, подравнен с XY-равнината.
Отляво, в бяло, няколко равнинни линии.
Отдясно триизмерна линия Draft Wire, използвана като път за обект Draft PathArray.

Чертане

  • Arc: създаване на дъга по център, радиус, ъгъл на започване и ъгъл на завършване.
  • Arc From 3 Points: създаване на дъга по три точки, които я определят.
  • Bézier Curve: създава крива на Bézier от няколко точки.

Надписи и размери

Modification

  • Move: moves or copies selected objects from one point to another.
  • Rotate: rotates or copies selected objects around a center point by a given angle.
  • Scale: scales or copies selected objects around a base point.
  • Mirror: creates mirrored copies from selected objects.
  • Offset: offsets each segment of a selected object over a given distance, or creates an offset copy of the selected object.
  • Trimex: trims or extends a selected object.
  • Stretch: stretches objects by moving selected points.
  • Clone: creates linked copies, clones, of selected objects.
  • Array Tools:
  • Array: creates an orthogonal array from a selected object. It can optionally create a Link array.
  • Polar Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a circle. It can optionally create a Link array.
  • Circular Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along concentric circles. It can optionally create a Link array.
  • Path Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies along a path.
  • Point Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing copies at the points from a point compound.
  • Twisted Path Array: creates an array from a selected object by placing rotated copies along a path.
  • Edit: puts selected objects in Draft Edit mode. In this mode the properties of objects can be edited graphically.
  • Highlight Subelements: temporarily highlights selected objects, or the base objects of selected objects.
  • Upgrade: upgrades selected objects.

Draft Tray

The Draft Tray allows selecting the working plane, defining style settings, toggling construction mode, and specifying the active layer or group.

  • Working Plane: defines the current Draft working plane. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Working Plane.
  • Set Style: sets the default style for new objects. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Set Style.
  • Toggle Construction Mode: switches Draft construction mode on or off. Also available in the menu: Draft → Utilities → Toggle Construction Mode.

Draft Scale Widget

With the Draft Scale Widget the Draft annotation scale can be specified.

Draft Snap Widget

The Draft Snap Widget can be used as an alternative for the Draft Snap toolbar.

Draft Snap toolbar

With the Draft Snap toolbar the active snap options can be selected. The buttons belonging to active options stay depressed. For general information about snapping see: Draft Snap.

  • Snap Lock: enables or disables snapping globally.
  • Snap Angle: snaps to the special cardinal points on circular edges, at multiples of 30° and 45°.
  • Snap Extension: snaps to an imaginary line that extends beyond the endpoints of straight edges.
  • Snap Parallel: snaps to an imaginary line parallel to straight edges.
  • Snap Special: snaps to special points defined by the object.
  • Snap Near: snaps to the nearest point on faces and edges.
  • Snap Ortho: snaps to imaginary lines that cross the previous point at multiples of 45°.
  • Snap Grid: snaps to the intersections of grid lines.

Draft Utilities toolbar

  • Toggle Wireframe: switches the ВидDisplay Mode property of selected objects between Flat Lines and Wireframe.

Additional tools

The Draft → Utilities menu contains several tools. Most of them can also be accessed from toolbars or the Draft Tray and have already been mentioned above. For the following tools this is not the case:

  • Heal: heals problematic Draft objects found in very old files.

Additional features

  • Working plane: the plane in the 3D View where new Draft objects are created.
  • Snapping: select exact geometric points on, or defined by, existing objects or the grid.
  • Constraining: for each subsequent point you can constrain the movement of the cursor to the X, Y, or Z direction.
  • Construction mode: places new Draft objects in a dedicated group making it easier to hide or delete them.
  • Pattern: Draft objects with a ДанниMake Face property can display an SVG pattern instead of a solid face color.

Tree View context menu

The following additional options are available in the Tree View context menu:

Default options

For most Draft objects the following option is available:

If there is an active document the context menu contains an additional sub-menu:

  • Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.

Layer container options

For a Draft LayerContainer these additional options are available:

Layer options

For a Draft Layer these additional options are available:

Text options

For a Draft Text and a Draft Label that contains one or more hyperlinks, to a local or remote file or an URL, this additional option is available:

  • Open Links: the hyperlinks are opened in the appropriate application (as defined by the OS). There is a warning in the case of multiple hyperlinks. introduced in 1.0

Wire options

For a Draft Line and a Draft Wire this additional option is available:

Working plane proxy options

For a Draft WorkingPlaneProxy these additional options are available:

  • Save Visibility of Objects: updates the ВидVisibility Map property of the working plane proxy with the current visibility state of objects in the document.

3D View context menu

The following additional options are available in the 3D View context menu:

Default options

If there is an active document the context menu contains one additional sub-menu:

  • Utilities: a subset of the tools available in the main Draft Utilities menu.

Text options

See above.

Obsolete tools

  • Array: creates an orthogonal array from a selected object. The created array can be turned into a polar array or a circular array by changing its ДанниArray Type property. Not available in 0.21 and above.
  • Drawing: inserts views of selected objects into a drawing page. Not available in 0.21 and above.

Preferences

  • Preferences: general preferences for the Draft Workbench.

File formats

The Draft Workbench provides FreeCAD with importers and exporters for several file formats. These are used by the Std Import and Std Export commands.

Unit tests

See also: Test Workbench.

To run the unit tests of the workbench execute the following from the operating system terminal:

freecad -t TestDraft

Scripting

The workbench includes a module to create samples of all objects in a new document.

Use this to test that all objects are produced correctly:

import drafttests.draft_test_objects as dto
doc = dto.create_test_file()

Inspecting the code of this module can help to understand the programming interface.

Tutorials